This ability to find underground water is innate in all humans, Herbert believes. It is a sense that evolved for survival. Animals are natural dowsers; their ability to detect water is also closely related to their capacity to sense the electromagnetic fields of the earth, which they use for orientation or migration.

Humans have dowsed throughout history. Herbert cites examples of cave drawings in Africa dating back eight thousand years that could be interpreted as someone holding a forked branch. Depictions on tomb walls, coins, pottery and figurines are found everywhere including Egypt, the Mediterranean, Mesopotamia and even China. Dowsers are quick to cite multiple biblical references they believe support the practice including repeated references to the “rod.” The practice was brought to America by our European ancestors.

Once a highly respected skill, today it is often met with skepticism. In fact, one of the main purposes of WFH is to show the practicality of dowsing and to increase its credibility. Bias against the practice usually comes in one of two forms, either scientific or religious. “It’s more a problem in the U.S. than anywhere,” he adds. “I think mainly because in developing countries the people I work with are more rural people, more connected with the land, more likely to be indigenous people and more connected to their indigenous roots, more spiritual. They have neither a scientific nor religious bias.”

As far as the scientific assertion that dowsing does not hold up under scientific testing, Herbert won’t dispute the fact, but cites the limitations of the scientific method itself. Dowsing is not a phenomenon that can be studied in a laboratory setting, he explains. It works best where there is a need and does not work for ego aggrandizement or for greed, noting that no one has yet correctly dowsed lottery numbers.

To the skeptics’ claim that anyone will find water if they drill long enough and deep enough, Herbert counters that dowsers not only identify the site, but also the depth, yield and quality. They have to be correct or very close on all four parameters to be considered accurate.

According to Herbert, dowsing is accomplished by tapping into a higher and omniscient level of mind and spirit, and it requires the proper attitude of faith, trust, respect, sincere motivation and true need. Ethics must be maintained so that it is not abused for greed or selfishness, or to intrude on another's privacy or free will, he explains.

Reflected in the goals and philosophy of dowsing and WFH is respect for the earth, its resources and the environment. Only proposed projects proven to be environmentally sustainable, technologically appropriate and culturally sensitive and respectful are considered for grants. For example, WFH favors hand pumps over electrical pumps. Such mechanical technology is simple, easily maintainable, and replacement parts are usually readily accessible. The beneficiaries themselves can maintain and repair the pumps rather than having to rely on outside help. In addition, hand pumps are considered environmentally sustainable because they are less likely to encourage over consumption, as might be the case with an electrical pump. “We feel this is a model for not becoming the Ugly American. We are very conscious about that, which is another thing that sets WFH apart.”

The ASD held its first WFH raffle in 1991 at its annual convention, raising three hundred dollars to help Brother James Kimpton, a Catholic priest and dowser, working in India and heading up a program called “Reaching the Unreachable.” The raffle continues to be a featured attraction at the group’s annual convention (scheduled July 29 through August 6 this year), but today ASD raises between fifteen and twenty thousand dollars annually – the majority from donations by its more than four thousand members. The group is seeking additional contributions from the general public, corporations and foundations to expand their global efforts.

Current WFH projects include: supplying portable drilling equipment in El Salvador; pump installation to hand-dug and hand-bored wells in several villages in Nepal; assistance to help restore water resources to tsunami victims in several Indian coastal fishing villages; assistance for sustainable agricultural training in Guatemala; as well as projects for reservations in Arizona, New York and Ontario. To learn more visit www.dowsers.org or www.dowsers.org/Wfh.htm.

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